This fix associated with the Coruna exploit was shipped in iOS 17.2 on December 11th, 2023. This update brings that fix to devices that cannot update to the latest iOS version.
With the iPhone 17e, Apple discontinued the 128GB base trim, so you now get 256GB as the starting storage tier. Apple managed to retain the same starting price as the iPhone 16e in most regions except India. The 512GB version of the 17e is actually cheaper than the iPhone 16e across every region.